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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">操作系统复习</h1>
        

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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="Aspose.Words for .NET 15.1.0.0"><title>操作系统复习</title></head><body><div><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:center; widows:0"><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt; font-weight:bold">操作系统复习</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第一章 概述</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">操作系统的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">概念、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">基本类型</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">基本</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">特征</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">基本功能</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、管态</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">目态</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、操作系统的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">目标、作用、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">结构设计方法</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第二章 进程管理</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">多道程序设计技术；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">进程的概念、特征、基本状态及与程序的区别和</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">联系；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">PCB</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">的概念、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">前趋图</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">进程图；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、原语的概念及进程控制原语的种类；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">进程的同步与互斥的概念、临界资源与临界区的概念；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">信号量</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">及其应用</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、线程的概念及种类</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、引入线程的目的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第三章 处理机调度</span><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">与死锁</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">调度的层次与作用；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、常用调度算法及计算；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、死锁的概念、产生的原因及必要条件；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、处理死锁的基本方法；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、银行家算法及计算；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第四章 存储管理</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、存储管理的目的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">功能；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、重定位的概念及方法；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">内碎片</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">外碎片；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、常用分区分配算法及对应的空闲区排列方式；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">基本分页</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">（分段）</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">的</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">概念、页</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">（段）</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">表的作用、地址变换</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">过程及物理地址计算</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、分页与分段的区别、各自的优缺点；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第五章 虚拟存储器</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">虚拟存储器的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">基本</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">概念、理论依据、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">基本</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">特征</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">及</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">关键技术；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">熟知请求分页基本思想；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">页面置换算法</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">缺页</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">率</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">计算</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">LRU</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">算法的硬件实现方法、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">抖动、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">Belady</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">异常、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; 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font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">I/O</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">设备的分类</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">，</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">设备、控制器及通道的关系；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、通道的基本概念及分类；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">I/O</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">控制方式及推动</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">发展的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">因素</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、各自</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">适用</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">的场合</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">缓冲区的概念、分类及</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">引入目的</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">单缓冲、双缓冲计算处理数据的时间</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">I/O</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">软件的层次</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、各层主要功能</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、设备独立性的概念；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">SPOOLING</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">技术的概念、作用及</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">SPOOLING</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">系统的组成；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">磁盘访问过程及访问时间的确定</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">磁盘调度算法及其计算；扇区的优化；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第</span><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">七</span><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">章 文件管理</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、文件系统的组成、功能；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、打开、关闭操作的目的；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、文件逻辑结构</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、文件的目录结构、索引节点及文件控制块的作用；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、了解文件的共享和保护措施。</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:黑体; font-size:10.5pt; font-weight:bold">第八章 磁盘存储器的管理</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、文件的物理结构；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">FAT</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">表的作用、</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">FAT</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">表</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">大小的计算；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、混合索引分配方式的结构及</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">相关</span><span style="color:#ff0000; font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">计算；</span></p><p style="margin:0pt; orphans:0; text-align:justify; widows:0"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">文件空闲区的管理方法</span><span style="font-family:宋体; 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                  });

                  // merge hits into slices

                  function mergeIntoSlice(text, start, end, index) {
                    var item = index[index.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    var hits = [];
                    var searchTextCountInSlice = 0;
                    while (position + word.length <= end && index.length != 0) {
                      if (word === searchText) {
                        searchTextCountInSlice++;
                      }
                      hits.push({position: position, length: word.length});
                      var wordEnd = position + word.length;

                      // move to next position of hit

                      index.pop();
                      while (index.length != 0) {
                        item = index[index.length - 1];
                        position = item.position;
                        word = item.word;
                        if (wordEnd > position) {
                          index.pop();
                        } else {
                          break;
                        }
                      }
                    }
                    searchTextCount += searchTextCountInSlice;
                    return {
                      hits: hits,
                      start: start,
                      end: end,
                      searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
                    };
                  }

                  var slicesOfTitle = [];
                  if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
                  }

                  var slicesOfContent = [];
                  while (indexOfContent.length != 0) {
                    var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    // cut out 100 characters
                    var start = position - 20;
                    var end = position + 80;
                    if(start < 0){
                      start = 0;
                    }
                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('1');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
                    item: resultItem,
                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else {
              resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
                if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
                  return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
                } else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
                  return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
                } else {
                  return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
                }
              });
              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
          }

          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
  </script>





  

  

  

  

  

  

</body>
</html>
